By Mark Metcalf
It was a period of great racial tension. Yet when Bradford youths sought to defend their community from a potential racist incursion, 12 found themselves arrested, locked up and facing life imprisonment.
Their courtroom success established the right to organise self-defence. Over 40 years on, a documentary about the experiences of the Bradford 12 is set for release later this year.
Blocked
In the 1950s and 1960s, Britain persuaded thousands of South Asians to come and work in the mills and factories of the North, with more than 20,000 Pakistanis, many from Mirpur, making their homes in Bradford by 1970.
The children of these migrants had witnessed their parents struggle to make ends meet and hoped to do better, only to be blocked by racism in education and at work.
Big Issue North was a weekly magazine sold by people who have limited other ways of earning an income in the north of England. Staff now contribute weekly content to The Big Issue, supporting vendors in the north, and run Street News.